Coverage has again become a critical issue with customer expectations far surpassing what can be achieved in trains, stadiums, tube systems and in building, for voice and mobile data. The emergence of new technology in the femto and small cell areas along with intelligent use of Wi-Fi is enabling enhanced coverage solutions to be deployed more economically. However, trains are a particular challenge – the newer trains have far greater penetration loss for outside-in coverage approaches to be effective. Deploying an in-train solution requires a high degree of co-ordination with the train franchises and the train manufacturers (amongst others) and they require a high degree of testing to ensure appropriate certification and approval prior to deployment. There are limited time windows to deploy such solutions as the newer trains are being brought in to service.